![]() Here we used Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a simple and fast protocol, without any additional sample extraction steps, for straight-forward simultaneous quantification of sugars in urine in order to detect increased intestinal and gastric permeability. However, reliable detection and quantification of these sugars in a complex biological fluid still remains challenging due to interfering substances. Hereby, elevated lactulose levels indicate intestinal permeability, whereas increased sucrose levels reveal gastric permeability. ![]() The current gold standard for diagnosis of aberrant gut permeability due to disease is the triple-sugar test, where carbohydrates are orally administered and urinary excretion is measured. ![]() Increased intestinal or gastric permeability is one of the major hallmarks of liver cirrhosis. ![]()
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